Saturday, July 18, 2020

WEST PAPUAN VILLAGES DO NOT HAVE GOOD ACCESS ON ELECTRICITY

Sairo, a small village which is located in the northern coast of West Papua, can be reached within 15 minutes drive from Manokwari. Like many other West Papuan villages, Sairo doesn't have electricity. It has a number of water falls that can be utilized to generate electricity but the locals do not have the know how to do it.
I surveyed the waterfalls last year. The highest one was around one or two kilometers walking from the village. In the past, the village was called Pami. Then, it was split into several small villages. I only remember Sairo.
After doing the survey and making the calculation on the potential energy and the amount of electricity which we can generate from the waterfall, I gave the proposal to my friend so that he could send it to any organizations abroad to obtain funding.
We waited for one year but we did not get any answers. At the end of 2007, workers from PLN (the only state owned electrical company) installed cables, switch and lamp sockets in every house in those villages promising the villagers that they would enjoy electricity before Christmas. They could not fulfill their promise.
Yesterday, my sister who works for TV Manokwari visited one of the villages. She and her friend Moni asked about the story of the wiring installation. The villagers showed their disappointment in front of the camera. After taking films and interviewing the villagers, she went on to the PLN office to meet the one of the staffs who was responsible for public relation desk. The man had just been installed in his position and refused filming. He was afraid of being shown on the TV screen. He promised to visit the village with my sister to find more information about this case.
If villages near the capital city of the province cannot get electricity then you can easily guess the condition of other villages which are located in the mountainous regions.
West Papua is rich in natural resource including oil and gas but most of the villages there cannot enjoy that abundant resource. They have numerous big and small rivers, waterfalls which can be utilized to generate electricity. What we can do to help the local West Papuan is to provide special training on renewable energy especially on how to generate electricity using micro-hydro technology. Anybody who are willing to help can contact me anytime as I am also studying this technology. I have known the theories but I am lack of practical experiences. by Charles Roring

Friday, July 17, 2020

MASTER OF WEAVING AND PLAITING

Introducing a West Papuan Artist, Ms. Marice Fonataba

West Papua is not only famous of its Sarang Semut and Buah Merah medicines which many people now believe can cure various kinds of diseases. In 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace visited Manokwari (formerly known as Dorey bay) and admired that Papuans were very brilliant artists. In his report, The Malay Archipelago, he was astonished to see that their love of art had existed side by side with their "savage" civilization; tribal wars and cannibalism. 


Today Papuans are fighting to survive in this 21st century. They pursue what the whole world pursue, modernism, yet the modernity doesn't change their life habit into individualism and capitalism. They still rely on communal relations, they still love art and struggling to preserve their cultural identity.

Just nine hours ago (29 June, 2007 at 17.30), I visited a Papuan artist whose talents are extraordinary. An expert in weaving, plaiting; and handicraft making. She started making and selling handicraft in order to raise her children, shortly after his husband died. He accidently fell off a ship into the sea around Sarmi regency in 1987. His body has never been found. Alone, she had to raise her three children, Daniel Fatie, Maria Fatie, and Annike Fatie. All of them have got married now giving her 11 grandchildren. Her name is Ms. Marice Fonataba. She began learning clothes weaving in 1985 from a Roman Catholic nun. It took six months to master it.

Traditional clothing from West PapuaFrom her skillfull hands, traditional clothes with unique Papuan motifs have been created. Besides weaving, she also creates many artworks made of natural fibers, seashell, beads, barks, and animal skin.
Most of the materials can be obtain from the jungle several hundred meters behind her home. To make a skirt she needs thousands of small sized beads called manik-manik. Bigger beads are available in the nature. Interested in her talents and creativity, local government officials from such regencies as Jayapura, Biak and Serui invited her to exhibit her products, and to give weaving lessons to Papuan girls. For her hard work they gave her reward letters.
West Papuan tribal clothing
Two Papuan kids were wearing traditional costume
Unfortunately, she cannot easily sell her products. She does not have a gallery. Actually she and other artists in Manokwari city have asked the local government to provide an art gallery in strategic location in the city harbour or airport. It costs a lot of money to build a gallery in that location. All of the traditional artists cannot affort to finance the project. Recently, a small art gallery has been opened by a migrant investor in Rendani airport but it is very far from her home. So, she only displays her products at home which is located some one hundred meters at the back of the Roman Catholic Church, Gereja Katedral St. Agustinus, Manokwari, West Papua.
Ms. Fonataba is originally from Serui, West Papua. The motifs of her artworks are mostly influenced by her tribe's motifs.
She also creates artworks with motifs from other tribes in the bird's head region. "Every tribe has her own motifs, we cannot mix them in one costume, for instance the wedding costume of Serui. As shown in the picture below, the bride wears an ornamented skirt called Sireo. When her family wants to escort her for the first time to her bridegrooms's home, the bride will wear it. "It takes six months to make the Sireo," Ms. Fonataba said. In the past, people made it of beads produced by certain plants but now they use thousands of smaller beads. These manufactured beads are sold by shops in the downtown. The bride will wrap her upper body with a piece of Kain Timor (traditional cloth weaved from natural fiber). She also wears manik-manik necklace and decorates her head with a dried paradise bird.
Ms. Marice Fonataba was making sireo - a ceremonial skirt.
Ms. Marice Fonataba was making sireo
For the bridegroom, he wears an ornamented headband also made of beads called Wehus. The Timor cloth consists grades i.e., Toba, Bokek and Sarim.They are used as dowry. The most valued one is Toba. The most valued Toba is the ones whom the Papuan got from Portuguese traders hundreds of years ago long before Indonesian and the Dutch came to West Papua. It is also used by people when they want to settle many Adat cases. When somebody killed someone. He or she will have to pay the fine with Toba cloth. It is not clear how many pieces he/ she has to pay. The fine is not only the Toba but also some other things such as money, pigs and etc. The value of the cloth depends on the number of mata (rows of ornaments in the cloth). Usually, there are at least three matas. For the current price, one mata equals to one million rupiahs. If there are 15 matas, the price of the Toba cloth will be 15 million rupiahs. On the girl's arms, there are two sea shell bracelets. This was written by Charles Roring


If you are interested to order her products, you can contact her :


Description:
Picture 1: Ms. Marice Fonataba was showing rewards for her achievements in promoting Papuan handicrafts from local governments. Unfortunately, they only gave this widow papers instead of an art gallery.


Traditional Papuan cloth
Picture 2: Sireo (meaning: wear it), is a traditional skirt of Papuan girl of Ambai tribe in Serui island. It is made of thousands of small beads and needs six months to make.


Picture 3: Ms. Marice Fonataba, sitting on the floor together with her grandchildren, was weaving the traditional Papuan cloth.


Picture 4: The Wedding Costume of Ambai tribe, Serui West Papua. It can also be considered as a grandeur costume which is used in traditional official occasions.


Contact:
Ms. Marice Fonataba Mobile Phone: 0852 328 402 95
If you visit or know someone who wants to visit Manokwari,
please, don't forget to drop by at her address located behind the Catholic church:


Jl. Brawijaya,
Belakang Gereja Katolik Katedral St. Agustinus Manokwari,
Provinsi Papua Barat,
Republik Indonesia

West Papuan Artists in Manokwari were Visited by Foreign Tourists

Last night (25 March 2008, at arount 20.00 local time), I was visited by an old friend of mine. His name is Paul Warere. Paul came to tell me about the latest meeting held this afternoon by Nico and him concerning their art group activities. Their art group, in cooperation with Kaumi Foundation, held a training in handycraft making in early December last year. I coordinated the training representing the foundation where I was one of the staffs. Nico, as the head of the art group, asked me to help him organize the training and promote the artists.
Paul said that two foreigners came to visit them a few days ago. They wanted to buy art products. They brought with them a map which I designed and posted on the internet. They bought a sheet of hand made cloth weaved by Ms. Marice Fonataba. In that website I wrote articles about West Papuan artists. I also put pictures of them and the art products they made. By doing that, I hope that more tourists will come to their houses and buy their products. When foreigners visit these West Papuan artists, they will be able to help them directly.
Paul said that the participants of the meeting received certificates and also made goals to produce more art products. These artists lived in Kompleks Missi.
Dutch tourists in Manokwari
Dutch tourists were buying postcards with drawings made by artist Paul Warere printed on it.
I created a website in order to help the local people create their own jobs. More buyers to their products meant more jobs for the local people. I told Paul Warere that I would continue to support them through internet promotion. Besides I asked him to tell Nico to contact Dinas Perindustrian to ask for financial supports from them.
In the training, Mr. Kosamah who represented Dinas Pendidikan and Pengajaran said that the local government was considering the construction of an art gallery around the harbour area of Manokwari town. We would see if they wouldfwould their promise or not.
Unfortunately, I accidently formatted my harddisk where I kept files of the above website. I had to start all over again for creating a new website for these West Papuan artists. This was written by Charles Roring

Minahasa, an agricultural region


Jalan-jalan ke Sulawesi UtaraIn December 2006, I was in Minahasa, North Sulawesi. I traveled around the region by car for one week. I visited Sonder, Tincep, Rambunan, Tanawangko, and Manado. I also went to Tomohon, Kawangkoan, Langowan, Bitung and Amurang. I saw most of the small towns of Minahasa, including Leilem, Woloan and Tondano. The scenery was beautiful.
A long the way, I could see farmers growing corn, rice, coconut and even Jati, Cempaka, Lingua, and Mahoni trees. Trees are cut when they have reached around thirty years old. The wood is then sold to furniture and pre-fabricated home companies in Leilem and Woloan.
In Kawangkoan, the farmers grew peanuts. Roasted peanuts are sold along the main road of the town. Tourists liked to visit this town to buy roasted peanuts, dodol, and halua (traditional cookies made of peanuts and palm sugar).

Minahasa Sulawesi Utara
Roda Sapi di Minahasa
In Sonder, we could see many fish ponds along the river banks. In the middle of the town, businessman run restaurants which are built above the fish ponds. When we want to order fried or grilled fish from the menu, the cook or restaurant worker might ask you to choose the fish from the pond. So, the food that you'll eat is fresh. But Sonder is not only famous for its floating restaurants. In the past, it was famous for its clove plantation. Clove was harvested and sold to cigarette companies such as Gudang Garam, Bentoel, and Djarum in Java. Now clove is not the main commodity of the farmers.
Minahasa is an agriculture region. If we go to mountainous areas, we will see various kinds of farm land filled with commodities that are useful for the economy of the people. Most farmers raise pigs at the back of their houses.
Tondano is the capital town of Minahasa regency. Its is flat. In the suburb, we can see thousands of hectares of paddy field. The small town whose dwellers grow rice is Langowan.
Coconut trees can be found in the whole region of Minahasa. It has become the driving force of local economy for years. Wealthy farmers bring copra from their village to Bimoli factory by trucks or modified Toyota Hardtop. Traditional farmers usually ride pedati, a cow-drawn cart. Agriculture produce is brought from gardens to the market by pedati. Unfortunately, the number of pedati is getting lower replaced by modern trucks.
The soaring price of fuel oil may influence the farmers to use pedati again. It is considered cheaper but slower than a car. Pedati is also a good attraction for tourists who like to travel around the villages of Minahasa.
Well, I think it's enough for now. I will carry on my story about this region in my next article.

Sapi Bali Beranak Sapi Perah

Kawan saya, Harry Fatem, seorang dokter hewan lulusan Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) bertemu dengan saya di suatu sore tanggal 20 Februari 2008. Ia baru saja kembali dari Jakarta setelah menghadiri pertemuan CIVAS (Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies) di hotel Grand Hyatt guna membahas masalah flu burung.
Sore itu, sambil duduk di atas motor dinasnya, ia terlihat marah-marah di hpnya. Saya datang dari belakang dan mengagetkannya. Ia terdengar sedang mengomeli saudara-saudaranya di kampung yang meminta uang untuk membeli daging babi dari kota buat acara peresmian gedung gereja. Ya, memang tidak masuk akal. Sebenarnya orang-orang kampung itu diberi saja sedikit uang rokok untuk pergi berburu babi di hutan. Tapi itu bukan cerita utama saya hari ini.
Kami pun masuk ke ruang baca di toko buku saya, setelah ngomong sana – ngomong sini akhirnya kita sampai pada topik dunia usaha.
Menurutnya, ia baru saja mendapat restu dari pemda Sorong mengenai proyek pengembangan ternak sapi perah. Satu ekor sapi perah dewasa mungkin harganya bisa mencapai 15 juta rupiah. Tapi dengan teknologi tranfer embrio maka biayanya bisa ditekan. Rencana awal, jumlah embrio yang akan dibeli adalah 30 ekor. Kalau satu ekor dihargai 3 juta maksimum maka ongkosnya mencapai 90 juta. Kalau induk yang dipilih adalah sapi pedaging dengan harga per ekor 3 juta maka perlu 90 juta lagi. Hitung-hitung jumlahnya 180 juta. Tapi induk itu dikemudian bisa dipotong atau diternakkan lagi.
Kalkulasi di atas kertas memang lebih murah transfer embrio. Hanya saja, transfer embrio memerlukan keahlian khusus dan kawan saya drh. Harry Fatem menjamin bahwa ia bisa melaksanakan hal tersebut. Ia memang memiliki kemampuan untuk hal tersebut. Semasa kuliah dulu, ia pernah bekerja di sebuah perusahaan peternakan sapi perah dengan jumlah ternak mencapai beberapa ratus ekor. Tidak heran, jika apa yang ia kemukakan ini adalah hal biasa baginya sedangkan bagi peternak pada umumnya, hal tersebut cukup rumit.
Ya, semoga saja impiannya itu bisa menjadi kenyataan supaya di tanah Papua ini orang-orang untuk pertama kalinya bisa melihat Sapi Bali (pedaging) beranak Sapi Perah. Itulah bio teknologi. Aneh tapi nyata. He... he... he... by Charles Roring

My Grade 4 Memory in Papua

by Charles Roring
In 1983, I was on the fourth grade of SD Padma elementary school. My classroom was an old mouldering building located exactly twenty meters behind the Cathedral Church of St. Agustine. It was the largest Roman Catholic church in Manokwari. In contrast with the church, my classroom was the worst school building in the Missi complex.
Its walls were made of wooden planks nailed together in overlapping joints. They were painted with diesel oil on both inner and outer sides to prevent them from termite and rainy water.
Its roof was of rusty corrugated iron sheets with many small holes scattered throughout its surface. It did not have ceiling, so the students could see its decaying wooden frame construction easily. At around eleven or twelve a.m., sun rays penetrated through the small holes on the roof. They created many circle spotlights on our desks. When it rained, I and my friends had to move our tables or chairs to avoid water drops leaking from the roof. Around 15 meters across from the room’s door, there were two school toilets. On the afternoons, especially when the weather was hot, the smell of these toilets spreaded over the surrounding areas and entered the surrounding classrooms.
My teacher was a Papuan. His name was Kabes. He was tall and disipline and he had dark skin.. His mouth was decorated with thick moustache. His hair was always short. Many children would be afraid of him when he was angry. Sometimes he beat us with a wooden or rattan stick. There were a lot of sticks in my classrooms at that time. We used them in morning exercises every Tuesday and Friday morning. Although Mr. Kabes was originally from Fak-fak in the south of Papuan island, he liked singing Bataknese songs. One of his favorites was Tilo-tilo tara tilo-tilo tara tilo-tilo tara tilo- tilo. One day he wrote it on the blackboard and asked us to practice singing with that song.
After practicing the song for a few times one of my classmates asked Mr. Kabes.“Pa Guru, kitorang pulang sudah” (“Teacher, how about if we go home now”).“Kitorang tunggu sampe bell bunyi baru bole pulang.” (“We have to wait until the bell rings and then we can go home”). “Pa Guru, lagu ini dari manakah?” (“Teacher, where is the song from?”).“Dari Batak, Sumatra Utara” (“From Batak, North Sumatra”).“What does Tilo-tilo tara tilo-tilo tara tilo-tilo tara tilo- tilo mean?”“Pak Guru tidak tau” (I don’t know).“Bah, masak kitorang menyanyi lagu yang kitorang tidak tau de pu arti?” (Ugh, why do we have to sing the song which we don’t know its meaning?)Mr. Kabes answered, “Tidak apa-apa, lagunya kedengarannya bagus.” (Its O.K. The song sounds good) “Why should we sing it,” my friend asked him again.“Kitorang menyanyi supaya kasi habis waktu sebelum pulang.” (We sing it to spend the remaining time before we go home)
On the other side of the classroom, there was a big mango tree. During its harvest season, the tree would bring a lot of trouble to us especially during the break time. Many students stoned the tree to get the mango. Sometimes they did it when we were still studying in the classroom. If the stones missed the fruits, they would land on our roof. If it happened, Mr. Kabes would be very angry about this. He would go out and chased the students who had stoned the mango tree. We always claimed the tree as the grade 4’s tree. But students from higher grades didn’t care about our claim. Every morning we had to sweep the mango leaves which had fallen to the grass over the previous night.
Because it’s behind the church, grade 4 students were not allowed to make big noise. Sometimes, the priest did special baptism ceremony in the church for new born babies.
Every month, the school students attended monthly mass. The priest who conducted the mass was Father Van Der Kraan. He was very old. His hair was white and his skin was white like paper. Many wrinkles covered his face and his hands. He wore thick glasses. But he could speak Malay fluently. The priest’s house was next to the church. It was a big house. It had star fruit tree in its inner park. The park was quite small. I used to ask the priest to give me the star fruit. Then he asked somebody to pick the fruit and gave it to me. He knew my father very well. He liked to come to my father’s house and ask him to do some construction jobs for the church.
My classroom was located a little bit isolated from the main school building. It was around one hundred meters. I and my grade 4 friends belong to SD Padma 1. Two or three years before, the school administrator split the school into two schools, SD Padma 1 and SD Padma 2 because the number of the students was getting higher. When our teacher Mr. Kabes was called by our headmaster for a teachers meeting, he would be there for quite a long time. Then, all of the students were playing in and outside the classroom.
One day, Mr. Kabes went to the school office and stayed there for more than one hour. We played and played until we were tired. Without thinking of anything, I told my friends that all of us could go home. I didn’t receive any order from my teacher. Then all of my friends returned home. Some boys and girls who were afraid of our teacher stayed until Mr. Kabes came. When he returned to the classroom, he could only saw the empty desk. He asked the remaining students about that. All of them told him that it was I who had told all the students to go home.
The next day, my teacher was very angry at me. “Charles, siapa yang suru ko kasi pulang ana-ana, heh!” (Charles, who ordered you to tell your classmates go home, huh!) Mr. Kabes interrogated me, “Ko kira ko ini siapa heh!” (Who do you think you are, huh?)
I was very afraid and didn’t want to see his eyes. I didn’t know what to say so, I only scratched my hair many times and bent down my neck. After beating my pants with a long wooden ruler, he told me to kneel down in front of the classroom. The whole lower part of wall was open for ventilation. So, when I kneeled down for around one hour my body received the breeze for more than one hour. He also instructed me to put a wooden stick on my knee. Because of the wind, I got hungry easily. My whole body was shaking like a vibrating engine, and I couldn’t bear it anymore. I could not speak easily and my lips were turning into blue. I looked pale. It was twelve and the school bell rang. I was saved by the bell. I knew that Mr. Kabes was also afraid about that. He asked me to return to my seat. When the school over, I could not walk home by myself. My friend Paul Warere carried me on his back and brought me to my home. My mother always asked him to peel off nutmeg fruits. My mother would process them to be candied fruits and sell them in our small kiosk in front of my house.Since that time, Mr. Kabes never told me to kneel down in front of the classroom anymore.
During my time in the grade four I also made many mistakes with my friends. They considered me to be one of the naughtiest boys at school. One incident that I could still remember was a kicking incident. It happened while we were playing football at the church’s yard. I liked football very much. One day, I and my grade 4A friends played versus grade 4B. It was the time for physical education. And we were running and kicking the ball, laughing, and shouting one to another. We just didn’t care about other classes that were still studying. After playing for several minutes, I chased one of the grade 4B players in order to get the ball from his feet. His name was Roy. When he was running to our area about some meters from the goal posts, under the mango tree, with all of my strength I kicked the ball at his feet. Unfortunately, I missed the ball and my shoe hit his leg. Suddenly, he screamed, and fell down to the ground. He began to cry loudly. He even couldn’t walk. Because of that incident we had to stop the football match and return to our classroom. The poor Roy was taken by his classmates to a military hospital in KOREM base next to Missi Complex. It was around two hundred meters from school.
While waiting for Mr. Kabes to come into our classroom to teach the next school lesson, all of my classmates gathered around my desk and began intimidating me.“Aiii, Charles, ko yang tanggung jawab eeee,” my friend Herman was blustering me, “Hey, you are the one who has to take the responsibility.”I answered, “Ah, sa tidak sengaja.” (“I did it unintentionally”)“Tapi, ko tendang dia sampe dia tidak bisa jalan itu.” (“But you kicked him until he couldn’t walk, didn’t you”) “Aiii, Charles, de pu bapa tentara,” my other friend added (“Listen, Charles, his father is a soldier”).“Nanti dia kas tau de pu bapa untuk datang tangkap ko” (“He will tell his father to come and arrest you”). “Biar too! Kalau de panggil de pu bapa nanti sa panggil sa pu bapa juga.” (Let him do it! If he calls his father, I will call my father too.)“Tapi ko pu bapa tidada pistol.” (But your father doesn’t have a pistol)“Nanti sabapa deng sabapa pu teman-teman dorang datang deng pana-pana” (Then my father and his friends will come with bows and arrows)Suddenly, Mr. Kabes came. My friends returned to their seats again. We continued that day’s lessons as usual.I just knew that his father was an army officer. It made me feel more uncomfortable and afraid about that. After the studying for several minutes, in a green uniform, Roy’s father came to our school. He knocked the classroom door. My teacher Mr. Kabes stopped his teaching and went to the door to meet him. He opened it and greeted Roy’s father. They talked outside the door. I was very afraid at that time. I thought his father would take me and send me to jail. After talking for a few minutes, he left us and my teacher returned to the front and continued his teaching. I feel relieved. He didn’t even look at me. Maybe he tried not to make me feel more afraid about that. He didn’t discuss about this in the classroom either. For this thing, I think that my teacher was also a very kind teacher.
In the afternoon, the bell rang again, the school time was over. “Horeeey! All the students scream” We went home together. Along the way, I often looked back just to make sure that no one was following me from behind.
Roy didn’t come to school for three days. When we met again, I came to him asking if he was fine. He nodded his face. Then I asked for apologize. He smiled at me and we shook hands and became friends again.

Copra and Saguer Palm Trees are suitable as Bio-fuel


Tropical Coconut
Coconut Fruits

In tropical areas, copra has been a traditional commodity for the villagers. Copra is the white flesh of a coconut (endosperm) which has been dried. When it is in dry form its color changes into dark brown. Farmers usually pick up the fallen coconuts in their garden.


After peeling of the coconut and cracking the hard shell which covers the endosperm, the farmer or copra worker will pry loose the meat of the coconut. Then he will dry all the endosperm under the sun. Sometimes the weather is cloudy and the optimum drying of copra cannot be achieved. To accelerate the drying process, farmers roast the hundreds of kilograms of endosperms by using shell and husk that are the byproducts of the coconut.
In intensive coconut plantation, the harvest is carried out every two or three months. For 9,000 up to 11,000 coconuts, a farmer can get between 1.5 and 2.0 metric ton of copra. One hectare of coconut trees can produce between 5,000 and 6,000 coconuts a year. They are equal to around 1.5 ton of Copra. One ton equals to 1,000 kilograms.
In the past, oil that was obtained after pressing the copra was used as edible or cooking oil. It was not competitive to make it as bio-fuel. The price of fossil fuel rises wheb there are military conflicts or terrorist attacks in oil and gas producing countries. 
This makes the bio-fuel produced from copra more competitive. Farmers can sell copra with better price and bio-fuel producers can sell bio-diesel in profitable price.
copra is dried coconut meat that is used as raw material for making cooking oil
Kopra (dried coconut meat)
Coconut can produce sap which can be processed to make bio-ethanol. Before its blossom (spadix) changes into coconut fruits, a farmer cut it and collect its sap in a bamboo. Traditionally the sap is boiled to make palm sugar.
Besides coconut, there is also another palm variety that produces higher amount of sap. It is Saguer palm tree. It looks like coconut but they are different. Saguer tree is the local name of Arenga Pinnata (Latin) in Minahasa regency in the Province of North Sulawesi. When I travelled to this region, I was able to take pictures of the Saguer tree. For other region in Indonesia and other countries, people might call it Aren, Ampo and etc.

Aren tree produces sap that contains sugar
Aren tree
Saguer produces sweet sap which ferments fast. For palm sugar home industry, the container (usually bamboo) has to be washed to clean the yeast formed or produced by the saguer tree itself. The color of the sap or the juice is clear white. It is then boiled and stirred using small flame to make palm sugar. I haven't been able to present data about the production capacity for a hectare of saguer trees. Fermented Saguer sap contain alcohol which can be distilled to make bio-ethanol. This alcoholic drink has been banned in Manokwari, West Papua due to its negative effect in the community. Drunkards which drink the Saguer or Ampo often committed violence in the market or in their neighborhood. The utilization of saguer sap into bio-fuel can be considered as a positive alternative for traditional farmers.
So, in order to make bio-fuel, we do not have to depend on Sawit palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) which in certain regions of tropical areas are not a native palm variety. We can still produce bio-fuel by using native plants that will not severely damage the surrounding local environment. This was written by Charles Roring

Hydro Power, a potencial scheme for Remote villages

Hydro power
Waterfall in Minahasa Highland

One of the renewable energy resources is hydro power. The electrical energy is produced by converting the potential energy of a flowing fluid, which is water, into mechanical and then into electrical one. Hydro power is attractive if there is huge a water fall near a big city. But such a scenery is hardly found everywhere. Many big waterfalls are located far from densely populated areas. Building a big hydro power plant in remote areas needs various kinds of considerations both from technical and economical points of view.
If we travel to villages in the mountainous region, we will see that many of them are under-developed due to their isolated locations. It is the task of a government to stimulate development. The most suitable way for accelerating development is by installing power plants that use renewable energy.
In many cases, remote villages are located near high slope rivers and waterfalls.
I have an interesting story for you. Two year ago, I traveled to Tincep, a small village in Sonder district, Minahasa Regency, the Province of North Sulawesi. This village has three waterfalls which can be utilised to generate electricity. If we construct power plants in those waterplants we can supply electrical energy for the village and more than one hundred villages and towns in the region.
Special scheme can be adopted to construct such hydro-powerplant. Private companies build the power plant and sell the electricity to PLN (the only state owned electrical company). The some of the revenues from the plant can be given to village authority for the development of the village.
By getting enough supply of electricity, the village will be able to promote their own export comodity i.e. various kinds of tropical flowers which have been famous in the province. Tincep village has three waterfalls (one of them is shown in the picture) and flower market. The flowers are displayed in front of the villagers houses.
Electricity is also needed by the Sonder district and Minahasa region to promote tourism industry and attract tourists or travellers from around the world. North Sulawesi is one of tourists destinations in Indonesia besides Bali, Yogyakarta and Toraja. There are many hotels in Manado, Tomohon and Bitung. Minahasa also has a world class underwater coral in Bunaken sea park. Other attractions from Minahasa villages are their farming activities, food, traditional customs and active volcanoes. We will be able to better promote the region if we have enough supply of electricity.
Hydro power in the form of micro-hydro power plant is more cost effective for small villages. They don't need a lot of money to install. This was written by Charles Roring

Facing Extinction - The Paradise Birds and Western Crown Pigeon of West Papua

In Papua (formerly called Irian Jaya), there are many kinds of birds that are facing extinction. Some of them are paradise birds and crown pigeon. These birds have beautiful feather. Paradise birds (paradisaea minor) are dominated by yellow, green and dark brown while Western-crowned Pigeon mostly has blue, gray and white colors.
Birdwatching in West Papua
Lesser Birds of Paradise
Another species of birds of paradise is the magnificent birds of paradise. In Kwau village of Arfak mountains, tourists from all corner of the world come to watch the male birds perform courtship dance on the slopes of the mountains in the morning and in the afternoon. The promotion of Arfak mountains as tourist destination for bird lovers greatly improve the economic condition of the indigenous people there and helps reduce the deforestation. The magnificent birds of paradise is also called Cincinnurus Magnificus in Latin language. The male birds have more beautiful feather than the female ones. 
Birding in Arfak mountains
Magnificent Bird of Paradise
Birds of paradise, together with other birds, are important for the survivability of the tropical rainforest. They disperse the seeds of the fruits that they eat. For the magnificent birds of paradise, the species of plant that they help to expand is red fruit plant also known as pandanus conoideus. Now the extract of red fruit is seen as an important medicine for the treatment of cancer, hiv/aids and many other diseases. 
People call the bird Western-crowned Pigeon because this kind of bird has crown-like head. In West Papua, its name is Mambruk. When you go to the zoo you may probably see these birds. They are originally from the Papuan island.
Hunters and traders of birds of paradise like to shoot them and preserve their skin. Then they will bring these skins to big cities and sell them at high prices. Sometimes, they bring and sell the birds alive to wealthy buyers in big cities.
No wonder, these birds are facing extinction. If we don't do anything to prevent more killings to these species, we will never be able to see them anymore in the near future. 
If you are interested in watching the magnificent birds of paradise dancing in the morning on the slopes of Arfak mountains, please, contact me - Charles Roring - via e-mail: peace4wp@gmail.com. I'll be happy to arrange your accommodation in Manokwari city and your transport to the Kwau village for that purpose.
Also read: 
  • Magnificent bird of paradise
  • Papuan Birds of Paradise
  • Birds of paradise in the rainforest of West Papua
  • Oil painting of birds of paradise
  • Painting of birds of paradise

Thursday, July 16, 2020

Pig The Main Livestock in Sonder of Minahasa

Pig livestock in District Sonder of Minahasa North Sulawesi
Pigs in District Sonder of Minahasa Regency
Fig farming in Minahasa
Mother Pig was feeding a piglet
Besides growing clove, fruits, and vegetables, the villagers raise pigs in the pigpens at back of their houses. Pigs eat food leftovers from households, edible tubers and coconuts. Sometimes, farmers give them special processed food for pigs bought in livestock shops. This business can be considered as savings for the household which gives them additional income when the price of agricultural commodities is low.
Usually, when the sow is in labor delivering the new born piglets, the owner will suck the piglet's nose to take out mucus which blocks its respiratory system. Doing this, the farmer can reduce the mortality rate of newborn piglets. It takes five to six months before the pigs can be harvested.Usually farmers don't slaughter the pigs. When they want to kill a pig, they will use a small sharp spear and stab it into its heart. When it has died they will pour hot water on its whole body and begin shaving its hair. After cleaning the skin, they will cut and weigh the pork into pieces. Today, instead of pouring water all over the pig's skin, they use a special burning device to burn the pig's hair. It is faster than shaving.
Most of Minahasan restaurants offer pork contained food in their menu lists such as sate babi, tinoransak, babi putar and babi kecap, and etc. Minahasan eat pork, because they are Christians. The consumption of pork is higher during Christmas season.

West Papuan Oil Painter, Lucky Kaikatui


West Papuan artist from Manokwari
Lucky Kaikatui and his family
From the porch to the living room and the kitchen, a lot of paintings depicting the beauty of Papua's nature and culture decorate the walls. Nearly no more rooms left for him to put new paintings that he creates every week.
Lucky Kaikatui is a prolific painter. Ironically, art lovers in Indonesia do not know him. He lives in Manokwari, a small town in the northern coast of West Papua far from Jakarta (the capital of the state) and unnoticed by Indonesian mass media.
The character of this painter is very strong. This can be seen from the lines that he brushes on canvas. They are strong and full of meanings. His schoolmates have called him a brilliant illustrator since he was in the first grade of elementary school of SD Negeri I Manokwari. When the Dutch were still in Manokwari, this school was called Klim en Daal. His first drawing, entitled "Pendekar Si Kapak Hilang" (The warrior of the missing axe), was snatched away by his friends.
In junior high, Lucky's paintings decorated the library room of his school. After completing his study in junior high, Lucky moved to Jayapura to carry on to high school. Again, in that city, he attracted people's attention with his paintings. In 1985, he participated in a painting competition of West Papua province for high school and general levels. For high school level he was the best whereas for the general one he won the second winner. His natural talent draw the attention of the officials from Irian Jaya's Department of Education and Culture. As the result in 1986, although he was still in High School, he could organize three painting exhibitions in Jayapura. In every exhibition, he displayed at least 30 paintings. The young Lucky Kaikatui finished his high school study in 1987. He tried to enroll in ISI (Indonesian Institute of Art) in Yogyakarta, a city in Central Java Indonesia. Unfortunately he could not realize his ambition because his parents did not have enough money to support his study in Java island.
Realizing his family economic condition, Lucky then returned to Manokwari and joined an entrance test for becoming a civil servant. He passed the test and was received as a civil servant in Manokwari regency. At the time he was sent to a remote post in Anggi, a small village in the highlands of Arfak mountains. The climate of Anggi is very cold. The village is surrounded by "virgin" forest and two lakes. It is isolated from outside world. There is no asphalt road connecting Anggi to the capital town, Manokwari. He had to work in that post and was not allowed to go to the town. The limitation did not discourage him from working for the villagers with his whole heart. According to Lucky, besides working for these villagers, he got the chance to experience in full the natural beauty of Papuan's culture and nature in their purest condition. They would become abundant inspirational resources for his later works.
Although he had been working as a civil servant, he never gave up his ambition to study in higher institution. Patiently he saved his salary for that purpose.
After working for three years and never returning to Manokwari, suddenly he fell ill with Malaria and had to go to Manokwari. While suffering, Lucky decided to leave for the town. He had to walk through the Arfak mountains with its tropical rainforest for three days. Lucky was accompanied by some Arfakkers who were also going to Manokwari. Later he poured these three days walking experiences on canvas. One of them is "Penetrating isolation for a drop of life." This painting describes the natural challenge which the Papuan have to face when they want to go to town only for buying their daily basic needs such as salt, sugar, and cooking oil. Besides there is no asphalt road, there are a lot of small and big rivers between Anggi in Arfak mountains and Manokwari. The villagers must walk on the falling trees to cross big rivers.
Back in town he went to the regent of Manokwari, Mr. Drs. Esau Sesa, to report about the villagers' problems in the form of a painting. The regent accept it and was impressed by his work saying, "a very talented painter like you should be given a chance to further your study and develop your works as an appreciation for Papuan art and culture." Within a short time after the meeting, he got the regent's permission to continue his study in Java island. This time his leaving for Java was a tour of duty financed by the local government.
Based on the directions from local government officials, he was told to take cinematography as his study program in Institute Kesenian Jakarta – IKJ (Jakarta's Institute of Fine Art). It was against his will actually. So, although he was registered as student of cinematography, he could always be seen in the painting department. It was not surprising that finally the painting department of IKJ received him on semester IV as its student.
During his study in IKJ, Lucky and his schoolmates got opportunities to carry out comparative study in ISI Jogja, his dreamed school when he was still in high school. From Jogja, he continued to Ubud, Bali. There, he studied for one month under the supervision of Prof. Srihadi. In Bali, Lucky studied the works of Anthony Blanco, Arie Smith, Eisnel, and I Nyoman Made Lempar.
He had been going around in Java and Bali for eight years when suddenly he was called to return to West Papua. His mother was ill waiting for him to accompany her in her last moments.
Upon returning to Manokwari, Lucky and his friends set up PUMA – Perupa Manokwari (Artists of Manokwari). It is an association of Manokwari's artists. The organization is established to promote Papuan culture to outer world.
He also passes on his painting skills to other young Papuans who are interested in painting and want to become artists. Now he is teaching them at his home. Some of them are Yabal Marbuan, Alberth Marbuan, Alberth Warijo, Carlos, Septinus, and Mesakh. Some are still studying at junior and high schools whereas the others are drop-outs. He hopes that these young Papuans, with other senior artists, can fight together to preserve Papuan cultural identity which is now facing degradation due to modernization, and globalization.
For Lucky Kaikatui, painting is a struggle. He has always reminded Papuan youth not to forget and leave their cultural identity. It is one of the most important West Papuan assets which has to be passed on to the next West Papuan generations. Every painting Lucky makes has a unique background story. For instance, "Alive or Death," this painting depicts a tense moment between Cassowary and the hunter. Lucky's grandfather was an experienced and famous Cassowary hunter in their village. According to his grandfather's story, if the spear missed its target, the hunter may die stabbed by its three sharp claws.
There is also another painting entitled Doreri Bay Manokwari. The background of the painting is Arfak mountains. The traditional sail of the boat is made of woven pandanus leafs, the same material for making Papuan mat. Now, there are not any sail that use the leaves. Most of the boats now are driven by plastic sheet sail or outboard engines. For most Papuans, Mansinam island of Manokwari is a familiar name in their ears. The preaching of gospel in Papua was started in this island. Every year, on fifth February, tens of thousands of West Papuans gather in Mansinam island to commemorate the landing of Otto and Geisler, two Europeans who were the first evangelists to spread the Christianity in Papua.
In the world of Indonesian fine art, he is not recognized. Lucky Kaikatui lives in a small town Manokwari far from the coverage of Indonesian mass media which are mostly located in Java. His painting exhibitions both in Manokwari and Jayapura do not get enough publicity. That's why art communities never heard of him.
This condition does not discourage him. He keeps on painting. New paintings are created every week. To minimize the cost, he makes the canvas by himself. He had mastered the techniques when he was still an IKJ's student. His wife, Rahab, always supports him. The Kaikatuis live in a house in Kompleks Missi  of Brawijaya street, Manokwari, West Papua. 
If you are interested in Lucky's paintings, you can visit him in Manokwari town. His house is at the foot of Table Mountain behind the building of SMP Katholik Don Bosco. This was written by Charles Roring

Birds of Paradise in Waigeo of Raja Ampat islands

Paradise birds such as Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea rubra) and Wilson's Bird of Paradise (Diphyllodes respublica) can be watched in Waigeo, Gam and Batanta islands. Glossy Manucode (Manucodia ater), another species of bird of paradise whose feather is plain black, lives in the whole territory of Raja Ampat. They are not considered as important target by birdwatchers. Visitors usually choose Waigeo because they can easily go by fast passenger ferry that go back and forth between Sorong city and Waisai town twice a day. 
Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea rubra) is watched in the coastal area. I often see the male and female birds at Warduwer beach where they eat fruits especially in the mornings and late afternoons (before sunset). For Wilson's Bird of Paradise (Diphyllodes respublica), it lives deeper in the rainforest. We must wake up early in the morning, usually at 04.00, and do long trip into the forest to reach its dancing site or display ground.
Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea rubra) in southern region of Waigeo island
Red Bird of Paradise
Wilson's Bird of Paradise in Waigeo island
Wilson's Bird of Paradise (Diphyllodes respublica)
Several places have become an important birdwatching destinations in Raja Ampat. Saporkren is the famous one. For me, personally, I organize my tours to rainforest close to Kabui bay. I combine this rainforest birding trip to this site with snorkeling and sightseeing tours by boat. There is no road that we can use to reach the birding ground. So, we use motorized boats. I also organize birding trips to eastern and north-eastern regions of Waigeo. Usually, the birdwatching trips to this places are combined with village tour, riverwalk tour, swimming, and turtle watching activities. Tourists like them because they could  meet local people, watch birds and enjoy the beautiful nature of Raja Ampat.
Dutch lady was enjoying snorkeling to see coral reef and tropical fish.
Snorkeling in Raja Ampat
For other species such as Lesser Birds of Paradise (Paradisaea minor); Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleucus); and King Bird of Paradise (Cicinnurus regius), they can be found in Salawati and Misool islands. However, because these birds can be found in mainland West Papua, most tourists watch them in the mainland. 

Birdwatching in Mainland West Papua
From Sorong city, tourists can take a 4WD car to Klasow valley and enjoy birdwatching in the villages of Klatomok, and Malagufuk. Klatomok is more suitable for elderly people or those who cannot walk for hours in the jungle because it is a roadside village. Because birding activity is carried out in rainforest, I cannot fully guarantee that visitors will be able to see all the target birds that I mention above. There are other birds that live in Klasow valley including Palm Cockatoo, Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Eclectus Parrot, Northern Cassowary, Lowland Peltop, Wompoo Fruit Dove, Rufous-bellied Kookaburra, Blyth's Hornbill, and a lot more.
Another alternative is Tambrauw regency which is located further to the east. It takes around 5 hours to reach Fef which is the capital of the regency. I highly recommend that tourists go birding accompanied by birding guides who really know the areas. Ayapokiar village located deeper in Tambrauw mountains is the destination for avid birders.



  • Tambrauw is a great destination for birdwatching. Visitors should travel in a group of three to four people to share the cost of transportation.  Another alternative of traveling to Ayapokiar is by plane from Manokwari city to Kebar, tourists need to continue overland to District Senopi and then by 4wd car from Senopi to Ayapokiar. Susi Air operates Cessna Caravan 208 between Manokwari and Kebar several times a week. Tickets can be bought at the airport. There is a good guesthouse in Ayapokiar so visitors could stay in the village for several days and do day tours to the forest. The road in this remote mountainous region is empty. It is a very nice birdwatching site.

Also read:

  • Birdwatching Trip to Raja Ampat
  • Birding and Snorkeling Tours in Raja Ampat islands
  • Bird Tour in Raja Ampat
  • Raja Ampat Birds
  • Raja Ampat Birding
  • Snorkeling and Watching Birds of Paradise in Raja Ampat

Eco-Tourism in Minahasa, North Sulawesi

Minahasa is one of the most important tourist destinations in Indonesia. It is a regency that is located in the province of North Sulawesi. There are various tourists attractions such as world class sea park in Bunaken Manado Tua, furniture and traditional wooden house industry in Woloan, prayer hills in Kanonang and Bukit Kasih. Majority of the people in Minahasa are farmers. They grow vegetables, rice, coconut and vannila. Minahasa has many beautiful sceneries which attrative to tourists.
North Sulawesi regency of Indonesia
Farmland in Minahasa highland
Domestic tourists like to visit villages and towns of Minahasa whereas foreign tourists like to dive in Bunaken sea park. When Indonesia was facing economic crisis, the Minahasan local government tried to boost the local economy through the development of eco-tourism. Package tours and exhibitions are promoted in every event that is related to tourism. Eco-tourism is expected to help farmers sell their agricultural produce. Business owners have anticipated the rising number of tourists coming into Minahasa. Resorts and restaurants are being built in the coastal area and highlands.
Traveling to Minahasa regency of Indonesia
Seascape view of North Sulawesi
A long the way from coastal region to highland region, we can see many restaurants selling sea food, and other local delicacies. The price of food is very cheap. In Tinoor areas, one can eat as much as he/she can only for Rp. 50,000 (equals to approx. 3.5 US dollars). For the same amount of food in Jakarta, one must pay up to Rp. 150,000 (around 10 US dollars). Everytime a person visits one of the restaurants, he or she has helped local farmers. All the food materials used by the restaurants are bought from local market.
The pre-fabricated wooden houses industry in Wolowan villages are not only sold for local market but also for international market. Sometimes when a tourist is interested in buying a house, he can order it on site or through a special website. The house will be desmantled and shipped in a container. The manufacturer can also help the reconstruction of the wooden house by sending his engineers to the location where a customer want it to be built.
In Sonder sub-regency, one can see farmers work in clove plantation, make palm sugar in Rambunan. Floating restaurants in Sonder offer the best taste of fresh water fish. Sonder also has various kinds of beautiful flowers. Waterfalls and flower market in Tincep have been known nationwide. Domestic tourists like to buy flowers in the region.